For My Interest and Ambition....

               As I've mentioned earlier that I will not write anything about my feeling in this blog, so I'm kind of minus 1 topic to write. Nevertheless, I would like to share my knowledge to everyone who interested with my blog. As a continuity to my interest and ambition, I would like to share a little bit that I know about the universe that we are living in.

               I am atheist and therefore I don't believe that the universe starts with Adam. Instead, the universe is start from a big bang. Before we moved on to what happened after the big bang, we should justify the statement that the universe start with big bang. In 1920s, Edwin Hubble discovered that the galaxy far away from Milky Way is speeding away from us. The further the galaxy from us, the faster it speeding away from us. This infer that the universe is expanding. If the universe is expanding, then in the time before nowit must be smaller. By tickling back the clock, we can conclude that the universe is start from a tiny point at the time t=0. At that time, there is no space and no time. Then, a big bang occur and time starts to flow and space starts to expand. It was literally the entire universe and it is infinitely hot. Note that, the theory of big bang is not the theory how universe began but a theory how the universe evolved.

Edwin Hubble

               The expansion of the universe continues and the universe starts to cool. The space is expanding faster than the speed of light. From thermodynamics, we can see that the temperature is inversely proportional to volume. Before this the universe is build up of pure energy. So, when the universe cools to a point, matter starts to form. From Albert Einstein famous equation, E=MC², the energy can interchange into matter. But there is a problem where the energy converted into matter and antimatter. When matter and antimatter meets, both of them will annihilated and become pure energy again. Scientist haven't figure out how the matter overcome the antimatter and dominate in the universe. There is a theory that, black hole can create matter. In the theory, at the event horizon of the black hole, a matter and antimatter was born. However, the black hole sucks the antimatter in and left the matter escape into space. Another theory is that, antimatter is less stable and some of it decayed before annihilate with matter leaving matter to dominate the universe. Scientist trying to figure out the reason of matter overcome anti-matter by simulating the big bang in a particle accelerator. Recreating the moment of the big bang can allow scientist to understand the process of big bang and perhaps to solve the mystery of matter creation. The biggest particle accelerator is CERN's Large Hadron Collider(LHC) located in Switzerland.

Albert Einstein-my idol

All we know now is that, in a billion of antimatter there is a billion and one matter. So, the one matter is left out and survive in the battle between matter and antimatter. Note that, it doesn't means that antimatter does not exist in the universe but very difficult to find and produced. The first matter formed are the quarks and electron. When the universe continue to cools, the bond between quarks become possible and protons and neutron formed. Later, the proton and neutron bind together and released binding energy. Elements of hydrogen and helium formed. But these are not yet complete element as they lack an important ingredient which is electron. With the young universe temperature, electron is moving to fast to form bond with the nuclei and it stays that way for over 300,000 years. After that, proper atoms are formed and for the first time radiation can flow through the universe. The radiation is the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB). Before this, the universe is so crowded with free electron that radiation is not able to travel freely. When electron had formed bond to become atom and the universe suddenly become less crowded. Then, the radiation can travel across the universe. There is still cosmic background radiation left until now. The CMB is actually the radiation from the big bang event and remained until now. However, as the universe cools, its wavelength increases and become microwave.

Cosmic Background Microwave Radiation view of the universe

The universe is still lack of other elements. It is know that the young universe is not even. The universe has a lot of voids. As time goes by, the voids grew bigger and bigger as the action of gravitation. The gassy universe had now become a lot of chunks of gas clouds. When the clouds of gas has enough matter, its core become hotter and hotter. At one point, the core of the clouds become hot enough to enable nuclear fusion. In the nuclear fusion, new elements is formed. That would made up almost half of the elements in the universe. But then, the fusion reaches a pause where silicon fuses into iron. Iron is a special element where the proton and neutron are tightly bound together and does not fuse to larger element even with the extreme temperature and pressure in the core of stars. To create heavier elements, the stars have to die. In supernova events, the energy is so enormous that heavier element is forced to fuse. Then the universe is complete with the element to create us.

Supernova

A normal star is in balance with is gravity and energy produced. At the core, fusion generates the heat and makes star to expand while gravitation pull the star together. When the core running out of fuel(hydrogen), the core collapse a little bit and become hotter. This will cause the fusion to go to another level where helium fuses into carbon. This process continue until the core is totally made up with iron where no more energy is generated from the core. This imbalance will cause the core to collapse on its own gravitation. When the core collapse, it sends a shock wave out ward and smash to outer layer. The shock wave is so powerful that it forces the outer layer to continue to fuse into elements heavier than iron. Then, the star exploded and pushes the debris outward. The debris consists of mixed elements and become the nebula. These nebula might some day pull together by gravitation to form planets with all the elements require to build us.

The process of clumping together nebula(born of new star) and supernova(death of star) continues until now. 9 billion years latter, at a quite corner of Milky Way galaxy, a group of gas clump together and form a star. The star is called the sun. Other planets formed afterward including the Earth. That is all I know about the big bang and all I can explain to you. Hopefully, this will give you an insight of what is my mindset towards the universe. For those who still believe the universe starts from Adam, you can keep that way. Science and religion are hard to reach a commonality sometimes.