The Ultimate Fate of Universe...

              In previous post, I mentioned how the universe developed after the big bang. But what is the future hold for the universe? I believe I would not be alive to find it out. The universe is still long to reach its ends. No one knows how exactly the universe is going to end, but scientist can roughly figure it out.

              As we know earlier, the universe started by big bang and the space expanded. The expansion of space is faster than the speed of light. What is it exactly infer when the space expands faster than the speed of light? As a result of space expands faster than the speed of light, we will have what it is called event horizon.

              There are few types of event horizon. The first type is near the black hole itself. Black hole is actually created after a supernova explosion of a massive star. When the massive star core collapse, the core become very dense. It is so dense that at the escape velocity at the surface of that core is higher than the speed of light. In fact, at some point near the core surface, the escape velocity is still greater than the speed of light. When we go further away from the super dense core, the gravitation pull become weaker and at some point light can escape from the gravitation pull of the black hole. At that point, we called it event horizon or also known as point of no return. This is because; when light falls beyond the boundary there is no possible way it can escape. The reason we called it event horizon is because the event happened beyond the horizon is unobservable.

The Newton's law of universe gravitation.

The escape velocity-when the M increases the escape velocity increases as well.

              So, come back to the topic where the universe is expanding faster than the speed of light. Whether how the universe is going to end, we need to know the pace of expansion of the universe. One of the theories is the big crunch. This situation will happen when the universe’s expansion is slowing down and the cooling of universe converting more and more energy into matter. Since matter exert gravitation pull, the more matter the higher the gravitation pull is. Eventually, there is enough matter that can stop the expansion of universe and reverse the expansion. Then, all matter would collapse into black holes, which would then coalesce producing a unified black hole or Big Crunch singularity.

Illustration of Big Crunch

              The other theory of the ultimate fate of universe is the big rip. Saul Perlmutter, an astrophysicist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory had discovered that the universe expansion is accelerating (by observing Type 1a supernova). The universe expands at an ever-increasing rate. However, this implies that the size of the observable universe is continually shrinking; the distance to the edge of the observable universe which is moving away at the speed of light from any point gets ever closer. When the size of the observable universe is smaller than any particular structure, then no interaction between the farthest parts of the structure can occur, neither gravitational nor electromagnetic (nor weak or strong), and when they can no longer interact with each other in any way they will be "ripped apart".

              Although, the universe is expanding in ever-increasing rate, the ultimate fate of the universe is still unknown as both of the theories relies on the key factor which is dark energy. Dark energy is believed to accelerate the expansion of the universe. But its nature is still unknown and it could one day reverse and cause collapse.

Estimated distribution of dark matter and dark energy in the universe

              Whatever the fate of universe, it does not really give any impact to me. I just want to know a little bit more about the universe before I die. I do not want to die without knowing anything about the universe and that drives to seek for knowledge regarding the universe. There are still many of unsolved mystery of universe but as time goes by it will be unveiled.

For My Interest and Ambition....

               As I've mentioned earlier that I will not write anything about my feeling in this blog, so I'm kind of minus 1 topic to write. Nevertheless, I would like to share my knowledge to everyone who interested with my blog. As a continuity to my interest and ambition, I would like to share a little bit that I know about the universe that we are living in.

               I am atheist and therefore I don't believe that the universe starts with Adam. Instead, the universe is start from a big bang. Before we moved on to what happened after the big bang, we should justify the statement that the universe start with big bang. In 1920s, Edwin Hubble discovered that the galaxy far away from Milky Way is speeding away from us. The further the galaxy from us, the faster it speeding away from us. This infer that the universe is expanding. If the universe is expanding, then in the time before nowit must be smaller. By tickling back the clock, we can conclude that the universe is start from a tiny point at the time t=0. At that time, there is no space and no time. Then, a big bang occur and time starts to flow and space starts to expand. It was literally the entire universe and it is infinitely hot. Note that, the theory of big bang is not the theory how universe began but a theory how the universe evolved.

Edwin Hubble

               The expansion of the universe continues and the universe starts to cool. The space is expanding faster than the speed of light. From thermodynamics, we can see that the temperature is inversely proportional to volume. Before this the universe is build up of pure energy. So, when the universe cools to a point, matter starts to form. From Albert Einstein famous equation, E=MC², the energy can interchange into matter. But there is a problem where the energy converted into matter and antimatter. When matter and antimatter meets, both of them will annihilated and become pure energy again. Scientist haven't figure out how the matter overcome the antimatter and dominate in the universe. There is a theory that, black hole can create matter. In the theory, at the event horizon of the black hole, a matter and antimatter was born. However, the black hole sucks the antimatter in and left the matter escape into space. Another theory is that, antimatter is less stable and some of it decayed before annihilate with matter leaving matter to dominate the universe. Scientist trying to figure out the reason of matter overcome anti-matter by simulating the big bang in a particle accelerator. Recreating the moment of the big bang can allow scientist to understand the process of big bang and perhaps to solve the mystery of matter creation. The biggest particle accelerator is CERN's Large Hadron Collider(LHC) located in Switzerland.

Albert Einstein-my idol

All we know now is that, in a billion of antimatter there is a billion and one matter. So, the one matter is left out and survive in the battle between matter and antimatter. Note that, it doesn't means that antimatter does not exist in the universe but very difficult to find and produced. The first matter formed are the quarks and electron. When the universe continue to cools, the bond between quarks become possible and protons and neutron formed. Later, the proton and neutron bind together and released binding energy. Elements of hydrogen and helium formed. But these are not yet complete element as they lack an important ingredient which is electron. With the young universe temperature, electron is moving to fast to form bond with the nuclei and it stays that way for over 300,000 years. After that, proper atoms are formed and for the first time radiation can flow through the universe. The radiation is the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB). Before this, the universe is so crowded with free electron that radiation is not able to travel freely. When electron had formed bond to become atom and the universe suddenly become less crowded. Then, the radiation can travel across the universe. There is still cosmic background radiation left until now. The CMB is actually the radiation from the big bang event and remained until now. However, as the universe cools, its wavelength increases and become microwave.

Cosmic Background Microwave Radiation view of the universe

The universe is still lack of other elements. It is know that the young universe is not even. The universe has a lot of voids. As time goes by, the voids grew bigger and bigger as the action of gravitation. The gassy universe had now become a lot of chunks of gas clouds. When the clouds of gas has enough matter, its core become hotter and hotter. At one point, the core of the clouds become hot enough to enable nuclear fusion. In the nuclear fusion, new elements is formed. That would made up almost half of the elements in the universe. But then, the fusion reaches a pause where silicon fuses into iron. Iron is a special element where the proton and neutron are tightly bound together and does not fuse to larger element even with the extreme temperature and pressure in the core of stars. To create heavier elements, the stars have to die. In supernova events, the energy is so enormous that heavier element is forced to fuse. Then the universe is complete with the element to create us.

Supernova

A normal star is in balance with is gravity and energy produced. At the core, fusion generates the heat and makes star to expand while gravitation pull the star together. When the core running out of fuel(hydrogen), the core collapse a little bit and become hotter. This will cause the fusion to go to another level where helium fuses into carbon. This process continue until the core is totally made up with iron where no more energy is generated from the core. This imbalance will cause the core to collapse on its own gravitation. When the core collapse, it sends a shock wave out ward and smash to outer layer. The shock wave is so powerful that it forces the outer layer to continue to fuse into elements heavier than iron. Then, the star exploded and pushes the debris outward. The debris consists of mixed elements and become the nebula. These nebula might some day pull together by gravitation to form planets with all the elements require to build us.

The process of clumping together nebula(born of new star) and supernova(death of star) continues until now. 9 billion years latter, at a quite corner of Milky Way galaxy, a group of gas clump together and form a star. The star is called the sun. Other planets formed afterward including the Earth. That is all I know about the big bang and all I can explain to you. Hopefully, this will give you an insight of what is my mindset towards the universe. For those who still believe the universe starts from Adam, you can keep that way. Science and religion are hard to reach a commonality sometimes.

My Ambition...

If you can see in my blog page, I wrote that I am an ordinary kid with a big dream. Yup, big dream indeed. But to achieve it is almost impossible. Since I was young, I like look thing in big picture. People would thought of Malaysia, I would thought of the world. People would thought of the solar system. I would thought of the Milky way galaxy. I like to expand my thought to the limits. When I was young, I like to watch the night sky. At that time light pollution is not obvious.

When I look at it, I have the feeling that how tiny we are and how infinite the universe is. Why we should limit our selves in the planet and not going to explore the universe? Later I come to understand that human do not have the ability and technology to travel to outer space. But we still can explore the universe through observing the universe. Therefore, I have made up my mind that I want to be an astronomer. I want to study the universe. There are so many mystery in the universe and we only manage to unveil it a little bit. It has to come to the Galileo Galilei to start positioning the Earth in the solar system. Before this, human are still thinking the Earth is the center of the universe and only a few stars orbiting the Earth in the universe. Then, we start to discover the Solar system, Milky Way, and many more galaxy. The more we found out in the universe the smaller we are to appear.

The curiosity of the universe had make me wanted to learn more about astrology. But sadly, I am born in Malaysia where no people actually give a damn about astrology. I also born in a poor family where I can't own a telescope. These caused me to drop my ambition long time ago. But I still keep dreaming if I can be an astronomer. Indeed, a dream is still a dream when you do nothing to realize it. But luckily, I have found my another good friend which is physics. Physics include everything is the universe. It explain how the universe is born and predict how it will ends. Therefore, I have more and more interest in physics when I was in secondary school.

When it came to university, I decided to choose courses related to physics. But I didn't choose the physics course it self. This is because I know that those who graduate with physics degree will have a hard time to find a job. So, I rather choose engineering course than physics course. It is sad that Malaysia is not a developed country where a lot of funds can be invested in studies of physics and astrology. Malaysia don't even has any giant telescope. If Malaysia is advanced like United State, I would probably became an astronomer already. But, I still keep my dream because who knows what will happen in the future. Suddenly, Malaysia develop and the government has the fund to invest in astrology.

Now I come to realize that ambition is not what you will actually become. It is more like an interest. It never fades away although you can't achieve it. As what I have planned, I will become an engineer first. Until I have enough money and time, then I can start to pursuit my dream. It is never too late to realize my dream. I love astrology and it still remain with me until I die. Hopefully, I can unveil a little bit more about the universe before I die. That's all about my ambition...

My feeling towards blogging...

Actually, regardless of blogging or other social website, the purpose is to share. Share what? For me I prefer sharing knowledge. I my FaceBook notes, I share some physics related post and post regarding religion( sensitive though). The one thing I seldom or hardly share is my feeling. I am an introvert and I like to keep things in my self. Expressing my thought would be difficult as I always care the way other people look at me. To be honest, I really care how people look at me and their impression on me. Therefore, I don't like to share too much of my feeling as I don't want other people to have a thought that I am sissy. I felt that sharing the one feeling is something that not man as one will expose his or her entire feeling and thinking to others.

Therefore, I seldom share feeling and I don't like to show it. All this while, I just keep my feeling to my own and it works fine. Just that sometimes I will lost my cool when I am too stressed. Nevertheless, sharing my feeling in blog or FaceBook is not what I gonna do. I remembered that I once expressed my frustration of my supervisor in FaceBook and my friend felt weird because I seldom lost my cool. He curious on what happened between me and my supervisor. Thus, I still prefer to keep everything into my self. However, the feeling of happiness should not be kept in one self. So, I will try to share my happiness to my friends.

First time created a blog...

Blogging is never my favorite. But, today I am so bored that my hand itch for typing. So, I started to write blog. I felt that blogging is lack of privacy. I still prefer FaceBook than blogging. Nevertheless, I started blogging because today I am so bored. So, why I am bored?

I had a wonderful life all this while. But recently, I felt that my life changed. It is hard to describe but I don't really like it because I felt less contented. Maybe I want more of something to satisfied my desire. But how this is happening to me?

Thankfully I read few articles from website today and it really taught me a lot. The title is ' The hardest thing in life is not to strive, but to make decision'. It is actually a video from Chai Li Xun that converted into words(FYI I watch the video before). I realize that I had a habit known as self centered mindset. This behavior is dangerous as I always treat my self as the most important individual in my life. I never thought of my parents that raise me up and taught me the meaning of life all this while. The self centered mindset would lead to selfish and ego. He stated that this mindset is a norm in Western society where the Westerners always make decision based on their own good.

Maybe I am too self centered to the extend that I sometimes ignored what ever people are talking to me in a conversation. I choose to listen when I wanted to listen. Before this, I was still a good listener but now everything changed. The author also state that, in order to achieve happiness in life , one must have filial. When one has the thought of filial, he or she will start to think of other and build up the thankfulness thought. When one has the thankfulness thought, the person will always appreciate whatever he or she has. This will slowly eliminate the desire of wanting more.

I had to admit that the author had pinned point my crucial point which is filial. To be honest I seldom treat my parents the way they should. In fact, I always blame them when they can't afford something for me. He also gave an example to start practice filial. The example was a teacher that bow to her parents during her birthday. This is because her birthday is her parents toilful day where mother gave birth to her. More importantly, for how long she lives, that is the duration of her parents had to take care of her. That is 30 plus years of hard-work and yet the parents does not complaining anything, just gave. There is no reason parents must grow their child but yet they did with no regrets. Therefore, we as their sons or daughter must pay back their effort with no complain as well. Most people only will thought of cakes and party on birthday. That is the sign of self centered mindset and not the filial mindset.

I think I should change to be a better man. Start building the mind of filial and act accordingly. My parents had take good care of me for the last 24 years and I should start to pay back. I never thought I would write this long for my first post, but I just want to share the lesson I learnt today. By the way, here is a short summary of what I did today and it is totally boring. I woke up on 9am and received a sms from my final year project supervisor that he will be in the laboratory at 9.30am. So, I rush to the laboratory to meet up with him and discuss on my project. I lost the enthusiasm to work on my project as I felt helpless doing the project all alone. Nevertheless, I had to continue doing it in order to graduate. Then, I had my lunch in my room while searching for some reading material. That is the time I found the article that I mention above. Then, the rest of my time is just sleeps and surfing the net. It is quite boring so I started my blog. Same day for tomorrow I guess as I just received my supervisor's sms that he will be in the laboratory at 8.30am tomorrow.

I had made my decision to do the laboratory which is the most difficult thing in life according to the article I read today. When I recalled, I sort of made a wrong decision. But look on the bright side, at least I can learn how to do laboratory work by my self. All I need now is the motivation to finish off my project. Kind of waiting the motivation to come, but I know the motivation doesn't come by it self. I should self motivating to achieve my goal.

By the way, this is the link to the article I read today.
http://www.360doc.com/content/09/0911/00/236896_5820457.shtml